The Democrats met in Charleston, South Carolina, in April 1860 to select their candidate for President in the upcoming election. Many Southerners saw the potential election of Abraham Lincoln, the candidate of the antislavery Republican Party, as a threat to their way of life and the harbinger of secession. Lincoln's combination of a moderate stance on slavery, long support for economic issues, his western origins, and strong oratory proved to be exactly what the delegates wanted in a president. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. North Carolina held a referendum on having a secession convention, which failed. The election was the first of six consecutive victories for the Republican Party. So it did at the Illinois state convention, a week before the national convention. [3][5] Senator Hannibal Hamlin from Maine was nominated for vice-president, defeating Cassius M. Clay. Breckinridge received very little support in the free states, showing some strength only in California, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Connecticut. Las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1860 fue la decimonovena elección presidencial cuadrienal para elegir al presidente y al vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos. The Fusion slate consisted of 3 electors pledged to Douglas, and 2 each to Breckinridge and Bell. In three of the six "Deep" South states, unionists (Bell and Douglas) won divided majorities in Georgia and Louisiana or neared it in Alabama. Douglas, however, was an active campaigner, in both the North and the South, where he gave a passionate defense of the Union and strenuously opposed secession. Website design @ 2001-2006 HarpWeek, LLC & Caesar Chaves Design. In the four slave states which did not secede (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware), he came in fourth in every state except Delaware (where he finished third). The election was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1860, and was noteworthy for the exaggerated sectionalism and voter enthusiasm in a country that was soon to dissolve into civil war. Lincoln won only two countieso… The party platform advocated compromise to save the Union with the slogan "The Union as it is, and the Constitution as it is. When the convention seated two replacement delegations on June 18, they walked out again or boycotted the convention, accompanied by nearly all other Southern delegates and erstwhile Convention chair Caleb Cushing, a New Englander and former member of Franklin Pierce's cabinet. Its platform promised not to interfere with slavery in the Southern states but opposed the further extension of slavery into the Western territories. Reasonator; PetScan; Scholia; Statistics; Search depicted; Subcategories. Bell himself had hoped that he would take over the former support of the extinct Whig Party in free states, but the majority of this support went to Lincoln. Houston's supporters at the gathering did not nominate a vice-presidential candidate, since they expected later gatherings to carry out that function. This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cwpbh.00882. Breckinridge convincingly carried only three of the six states of the Deep South (South Carolina, Florida, and Mississippi). United States presidential election of 1860, American presidential election held on November 6, 1860, in which Republican Abraham Lincoln defeated Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. The two parties controlled Congress for almost equal periods, though the Democrats held the presidency only during the two terms of Grover Cleveland (1885–89 and 1893–97). [8] While the Seward forces were disappointed at the nomination of a little-known western upstart, they rallied behind Lincoln, while abolitionists were angry at the selection of a moderate and had little faith in Lincoln. Moreover, since voters did not choose the president directly, but rather presidential electors, the only way for a voter to meaningfully support a particular candidate for president was cast a ballot for citizens of his state who would have pledged to vote for the candidate in the Electoral College. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Date: between 1860 and 1865 . Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. At the Democratic National Convention held in Institute Hall in Charleston, South Carolina, in April 1860, 50 Southern Democrats walked out over a platform dispute, led by the extreme pro-slavery "Fire-Eater" William Lowndes Yancey and the Alabama delegation: following them were the entire delegations of Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Texas, three of the four delegates from Arkansas, and one of the three delegates from Delaware. The U.S. presidential election of 1860 is widely considered to be a realigning election.. The delegates who walked out of the convention at Charleston reconvened in Richmond, Virginia on June 11. Texas was the only Middle South state that Breckinridge carried convincingly. State and county results from 1892 through 2012. The convention remained deadlocked however, and skillful political maneuvering by Lincoln's delegate wranglers convinced the delegates to abandon Seward in favor of Lincoln. Thus 12 electoral candidates appeared on 2 tickets, Reading and Straight Douglas. For the results of the previous election, see United States presidential election of 1856. Missouri convened a secession convention, which voted against secession and adjourned permanently. At Baltimore the Democrats nominated Douglas, who easily defeated Kentuckian John C. Breckinridge, the sitting vice president of the United States. 10, Dubin, Michael J., United States Presidential Elections, 1788–1860: The Official Results by County and State, McFarland & Company, 2002, p. 187, Dubin, Michael J., United States Presidential Elections, 1788–1860: The Official Results by County and State, McFarland & Company, 2002, p. 188, United States presidential election, 1860, "1860 United States presidential election", Learn how and when to remove this template message, primary catalyst of the American Civil War, each territory to decide itself on the status of slavery, 1848 presidential nominee of the original Liberty Party, National Archives and Records Administration, 1860 and 1861 United States House of Representatives elections, 1860 and 1861 United States Senate elections, American election campaigns in the 19th century, History of the United States Democratic Party, History of the United States Republican Party, "Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections", "Abraham Lincoln: Campaigns and Elections" (Miller Center, 2019), "Proceedings of the Republican national convention held at Chicago, May 16, 17 and 18, 1860 : Republican National Convention (2nd : 1860 : Chicago, Ill.) : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive", http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/10/how-and-where-lincoln-won/, Getting the Message Out! United States presidential election, 1860; edit. Political parties of the day were in flux. The Republican victory resulted from the concentration of votes in the free states, which together controlled a majority of the presidential electors. The Wide Awakes young Republican men's organization massively expanded registered voter lists, and although Lincoln was not even on the ballot in most Southern states, population increases in the free states had far exceeded those seen in the slave states for many years before the election of 1860, hence free states dominated in the Electoral College.[33]. He engineered that the convention would happen in Chicago, which would be inherently friendly to the Illinois based Lincoln. Entering the convention, Sen. William H. Seward of New York was considered the favourite for the nomination, and on the first ballot he led Abraham Lincoln, who had been defeated in Illinois in 1858 for the U.S. Senate by Douglas, as well as a host of other candidates. Nonetheless, he remained popular in the party because he had helped inspire some of John Brown's supporters at the Raid on Harpers Ferry. No need to register, buy now! This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cwpbh.00671. English: Hannibal Hamlin, circa 1860-65. This larger group met immediately in Baltimore's Institute Hall, with Cushing again presiding. Source: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836–1892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247–57. On a second ballot the gap between Seward and Lincoln narrowed, and Lincoln was subsequently nominated on the third ballot. The United States had been divided during the 1850s on questions surrounding the expansion of slavery and the rights of slave owners. Stephen A. Douglas, "US President - Liberty (Union) National Convention", "POLITICAL MOVEMENTS. "Deep South" here in presidential popular votes refers to Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. This resource guide compiles a list of online and print resources that contain U.S. election statistics for both federal and state elections. He set about ensuring that he was the second choice of most delegates, realizing that the first round of voting at the convention was unlikely to produce a clear winner. Buy Statistica elettorale politica. Breckinridge also did little campaigning, giving only one speech. [3], Even with such support from his home state, Lincoln faced a difficult task if he was to win the nomination. Several other states also considered declaring secession at the time: All of the secessionist activity was motivated by fear for the institution of slavery in the South. La elección se llevó a cabo el martes 6 de noviembre de 1860. There were no ballots distributed for Lincoln in ten of the Southern states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. States where the margin of victory was under 1%: States where the margin of victory was under 5%: States where the margin of victory was under 10%: Lincoln's victory and imminent inauguration as president was the immediate cause for declarations of secession by seven Southern states (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas) from 20 December 1860 to 1 February 1861. These elections spanned the Presidential election of 1860, won by Abraham Lincoln. He had not yet announced his intentions to run, but it was superb speech. Since this was decided before the party split, both Douglas supporters and Breckinridge supporters claimed the right for their man to be considered the party candidate and the support of the electoral slate. Six candidates were nominated: Stephen A. Douglas from Illinois, James Guthrie from Kentucky, Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter from Virginia, Joseph Lane from Oregon, Daniel S. Dickinson from New York, and Andrew Johnson from Tennessee, while three other candidates, Isaac Toucey from Connecticut, James Pearce from Maryland, and Jefferson Davis from Mississippi (the future president of the Confederate States) also received votes. Douglas's support for the concept of popular sovereignty, which called for each territory to decide itself on the status of slavery, alienated many Southern Democrats. Historian Doris Kearns Goodwin’s book Team of Rivals chronicles their historic collaboration. Lincoln won the second-lowest share of the popular vote among all winning presidential candidates in U.S. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Additionally, the slate was almost equally divided between the supporters of Breckinridge and Douglas. "[16], Former Representative Gerrit Smith from New York. Stanford Libraries' official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. In April the American Civil War began. Corrections? Decredico, Mary A. Breckinridge, with 18 percent of the national vote, garnered 72 electoral votes, winning most of the states in the South as well as Delaware and Maryland. Contact us. This page links to the results of those historical elections, including a larger map, results and synopsis of the race. Salmon Portland Chase (13 January 1808 – 7 May 1873) was an American politician and jurist who served as United States Senator from Ohio and the 23rd Governor of Ohio; as U.S. Treasury Secretary under President Abraham Lincoln; and as the sixth Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Participation in Elections for President and U.S. Sen. Hannibal Hamlin of Maine was nominated as Lincoln’s running mate. The new party's members hoped to stave off Southern secession by avoiding the slavery issue. Despite four main candidates (and Douglas’s forays into the South), the contests in the states were sectionally fought, with Douglas and Lincoln dominant in the North and Breckinridge and Bell dueling for support in the South. Elezioni Usa 1860: a house divided Posted on 10 Maggio 2017 20 Settembre 2017 In Storia Moderna 0 1 Le elezioni presidenziali del 1860, che avrebbero determinato la secessione del sud e la guerra, furono l’atto conclusivo di un processo di disgregamento dell’Unione che si era andato via via acutizzando per tutto il decennio successivo al 1850. Large Gathering of the People in Union-Square--Washington statue Illuminated. See Commons:Licensing for more information. The people of the United States have made their choice, and, of course, I accept that decision but, I have to admit, not with the same enthusiasm that I accepted the decision 4 years ago. Cartoon of the 1860 U.S. presidential election showing three of the candidates—(left to right) Republican Abraham Lincoln, Northern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, and Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge—tearing the country apart while the Constitutional Union candidate, John Bell, applies glue from a tiny useless pot. In his letter, Smith donated $50 to pay for the printing of ballots in the various states. It was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1860. [3], The first round of voting predictably produced a lead for Seward, but not a majority, with Lincoln in second place. Politica / Elezioni USA: glossario orientativo. 19th quadrennial United States presidential election, * Third party is endorsed by a major party, Democratic (Northern Democratic) Party nomination, Southern Democratic Party candidates gallery, Liberty Party (Radical Abolitionists, Union) candidates gallery. Altri articoli dell'autore. Lincoln took office on 4 March 1861. The election was unusual because four strong candidates competed for the presidency. Lincoln won the Electoral College with less than 40 percent of the popular vote nationwide by carrying states above the Mason–Dixon line and north of the Ohio River, plus the states of California and Oregon in the Far West. (He also reiterated his opposition to slavery anywhere in the territories.) It was noteworthy for the exaggerated sectionalism of the vote in a country that was soon to dissolve into civil war. He also made sure that the Illinois delegation would vote as a bloc for him. In spite of his professed ill health, Gerrit Smith was nominated for president and Samuel McFarland from Pennsylvania was nominated for vice president. Breckinridge was the last sitting vice president nominated for president until Richard Nixon in 1960. Site includes election data, county maps and state maps, charts. Douglas attained a 28 to 47% share in the states of the Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and Trans-Mississippi West, but slipped to 19 to 39% in New England. Virginia convened a secession convention, which voted against secession but remained in session. Secessionists Triumphant, 1854–1861, Chadwick, Bruce. Elezioni Usa 2020. Of the 27 electoral candidates, 15 were Breckinridge supporters; the remaining 12 were for Douglas. Italia rajoittuu pohjoisessa Alppeihin sekä Sveitsin ja Itävallan valtioihin, koillisessa Sloveniaan, luoteessa Ranskaan, idässä Adrianmereen, lännessä Ligurianmereen ja Tyrrhenanmereen, etelässä Joonianmereen sekä Maltan ja Sisilian salmiin. Elections to the United States House of Representativesfor the 37th Congresswere held at various dates in different states from August 1860 to October 1861. The election of President Abraham Lincoln served as a trigger for the outbreak of the American Civil War. Despite minimal support in the South (Lincoln's name was not on the ballot in 10 Southern states[2]), he won a plurality of the popular vote (40%) and a majority of the electoral vote. The standoff continued until mid-April, when Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered Confederate troops to bombard and capture Fort Sumter. Constitutional Unionist John Bell won 12.6 percent of the vote and 39 electoral votes. Vice President of the United States. Northern democrats felt that Stephen Douglas had the best chance to defeat the "Black Republicans." For the results of the subsequent election, see United States presidential election of 1864. On the 57th ballot, with Douglas was still ahead, but 51½ votes short of the nomination, the exhausted and desparate delegates agreed on May 3 to cease voting and adjourn the convention. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision of 1857, which voided the Missouri Compromise (1820) and made slavery legal in all U.S. territories, confirmed many Americans’ belief that compromise had been exhausted as a solution of the problem of slavery, the source of heated sectional conflict and the most important issue in mid-19th-century America. Buchanan's own continued prestige in his home state of Pennsylvania ensured that Breckinridge would be the principal Democratic candidate in that populous state. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. (2001). This time, the Northern states secede and fight the Southern states (United States) because the election didn't go the way that they wanted to go. Abraham Lincoln, photograph by Mathew Brady. Lincoln vinse in ogni Stato che lo aveva già prescelto nelle Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1860 tranne il New Jersey e riuscì ad ottenere uno Stato vinto 4 anni prima da Stephen Douglas (il Missouri), uno conquistato da John C. Breckinridge (il Maryland) e tutti e 3 gli Stati di recente ammissione.

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